APA Citation Examples

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Published Baronial 2, 2019. Updated Dec seven, 2021.

This guide will show you how to construction APA citations according to the Publication manual of the American Psychological Clan (7th edition) and will testify you example citations for different source types. For data on other APA topics—such as formatting your paper, creating a title page, etc.—check out the EasyBib APA format guide.  It even has an example paper.

Table of Contents

The Basics of APA

We're going to outset from the beginning for all of y'all newbies out there, or for those of you lot looking for a refresher.

APA is an abbreviation which stands for American Psychological Association. This is a massive organization, responsible for creating and sharing psychology-related publications, research, and databases.

Basically, they continue psychologists and other like roles in the loop with what'southward happening in the globe of psychology. With close to 120,000 members, this is THE leading world organization related to psychology.They are not officially associated with this guide, but the information here talks about their citing format and rules in depth.

Why were APA citations created and why did my instructor inquire me to employ this manner?

Are you scratching your caput, wondering what is APA manner is and how this all relates to your research projection? To make a long story brusque, the American Psychological Association did something really absurd. Back in 1952, they created a mode for ALL psychology researchers to structure their citations. This standard method did three things:

  1. Psychology researchers were all able to display the sources they used in a systematic way.
  2. Readers were able to easily understand the data shown in citations.
  3. At that place was enough data displayed in the citations for readers to become out and find the exact sources on their own.

APA citations were such a hit, they were so practiced, that other science disciplines soon adopted the citation format too. In fact, other disciplines outside of the scientific discipline world use APA style today, besides. Then, whether y'all're creating a psychology-related enquiry project or non, there'due south a good run a risk y'all were asked to create your citations in APA manner.

Currently in its 7th edition, the Publication Transmission of the American Psychological Clan is 1 of the almost frequently used style guides for academic writing today!

With the 7th edition just coming onto the scene in 2020, the American Psychological Association does not expect to come across widespread usage of the 7th edition until later in 2020. This is why you should always double-check with your teacher on whether they want you to use the 6th edition or the 7th edition for your projects.

Click here for more basics on this mode.

Another widely used manner is MLA format. Believe information technology or not, there are thousands of other styles, and then perchance your teacher or professor requested a completely unlike one. If you're in that boat, head to EasyBib.com to check out more styles. While yous're at it, poke around and bank check out our APA reference generator. Information technology may be just what you're looking for.

References vs. Citations – What's the divergence?

References and citations are two terms that are thrown effectually a lot and quite oft mean the same thing. A reference, or commendation, shows the reader that a piece of information originated elsewhere. But, along came APA and decided to throw a curveball at usa. In APA, the two terms have two unlike meanings.

A commendation is found in the bodily writing of an APA research paper.

In-text citation instance:

"Lecture-rooms are numerous and large, but the number of young people who genuinely thirst after truth and justice is small" (Einstein, 2007, p. v).

A reference is found on the reference folio, which is the last page of a enquiry paper.

Reference Page Example:

Einstein, A. (2007). The earth as I meet it. Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=aNKOo94tO6cC&source=gbs_navlinks_s (Original piece of work published 1934)

The information included in an APA commendation is merely a snapshot of the data found in the full reference. For more information on when it'south appropriate to include a citation in your paper, head to section 8.ane-viii.x of the Publication manual.

At present, what makes things even trickier is that most teachers and professors use the term "APA citations" when they're really talking most the full references. How many times take yous heard your teacher say, "Make certain you have your citations on the concluding page!"

Eek! And then, to stay on the same page as your instructor, this guide shows you how to make references for an APA reference folio, but nosotros're calling the page "APA Citations." Someone's gotta give in, right? Looks like it's usa.

If you're looking for a quick read on the citations plant in the torso of the paper, check out our APA Parenthetical Citation page. Information technology's just one of the many free APA citation guides available on EasyBib.com. Need an APA commendation generator? You lot can detect i at EasyBib.com as well!

If you're looking for help with the writing or grammar in your paper, check out our research, pronoun, and determiner pages. Nosotros have tons of other free grammar pages too!

A rundown on references

Earlier we get into the nitty-gritty details on how to structure references for your APA newspaper, let's become one more quick piece of information off the table.

References are added to research papers and projects only when a source is included in the writing itself.

We don't add references to a reference page if we want to just suggest other, like titles. No! We create references when an bodily piece of information from another source is added into the project.

Does your paper include a piece of data from a study? Great! Yous copied a line of text from a case report and put it in your project (with quotation marks around it)? Perfect! You lot included a bar graph you establish in a brochure? Fantastic! Make sure yous create an APA citation in the text of your newspaper and include the reference on the concluding page.

The just exception to the above dominion is if you lot're creating an "annotated bibliography." For more on that, check out our APA annotated bibliography page.

In example you were wondering, the same goes for MLA in-text & parenthetical citations on the MLA works cited page.

Ready to get started? The side by side department of the guide is going to explain, pace-by-step, how to structure every nook and cranny of your references.

But, if you're dreaming of an APA citation maker to help make the pain go away from building your references from scratch, you're in luck. EasyBib.com has an APA citation maker! In just a few clicks, our technology structures and styles each and every APA commendation for you. If you don't know much near information technology, caput to the EasyBib homepage to acquire more.

While you're at it, try out our APA cover page maker, institute on the chief folio also!

Fundamentals of an APA citation

This entire section goes into particular on each component of a reference. If yous're looking to learn how to style the names of the authors, the title, publishing information, and other aspects related to the reference, this department is for yous!

If yous want to skip the small talk and see an APA fashion paper example, go to the "Citation Resources" menu on this page and select "APA Format Guide." It includes a title page example, an APA paper instance, and an APA reference page case.Information technology'due south all at that place for you and the all-time role about it is it's free! Do yourself a favor and take a peek at it now!

Writer information

The very first slice of information in most references is the author'south proper name(s). Nosotros say "most," because some sources may non have an writer (such as websites, the Bible…). If your source doesn't have an author, do non include any data about an writer in your reference.

Citing a Source with ane Author

APA Structure:

Concluding proper noun of the Author, First initial. Middle initial.

APA Example:

Doe, J. B.

To see some examples, scroll down to the bottom half of this folio.

Citing a Source with 2 Authors

Does your source have 2 authors? Do not put the names in alphabetical order. They should be written in the order they're displayed on the source.

APA Structure:

Last name of the 1st listed Writer, Starting time Initial. Heart Initial., & Last proper name of the 2nd listed Author, Offset initial. Middle initial.

APA Example:

Doe, J. B. & Chen, Due west. I.

For an example of a reference with two authors according to the 7th edition of the Publication manual, curl down to the "Journal Articles found in Print" section, or check out section 9.7-9.12 in the Publication transmission.

Citing a Source with 3 to 20 Authors

Does your source accept three to twenty authors? The American Psychological Association has fabricated some updates on how to listing multiple authors in your citations. If yous accept between three to xx authors, listing all the authors names (Concluding Proper name, Initials). Put them in the same order they're listed in the source. Commas divide names, and put an ampersand right before the final name.

APA Instance:

Bos, G., Hajek, S., Kogman-Appel, K., & Mensching, G. (2019). A Glossary of Latin and Italo-Romance Dr.-Botanical Terms in Hebrew Characters on an Illustrated Manuscript Page (Ms. Oxford, Bodleian Opp. 688, fol. 177b). Aleph: Historical Studies in Science and Judaism nineteen(2), 169-199. https://www.muse.jhu.edu/article/747571

Citing a Source with 21+ Authors

If your source has over twenty authors, list the final name and initials of the first 19 authors, placing a comma betwixt each name. After the name of the 19th writer, utilize an ellipsis in place of the remaining authors' names. So, list the final author's proper noun in front of it.

Here's a formatting example for 21+ names using the U.South. presidents (this is Not a reference example):

Washington, Chiliad., Adams, J., Jefferson, T., Madison, J., Monroe, J., Adams, J. Q., Jackson, A., Van Buren, M., Harrison, W. H., Tyler, J., Polk, J., Taylor, Z., Fillmore, G., Pierce, F., Buchanan, J., Lincoln, A., Johnson, A., Grant, U. Southward., Hayes, R. B., … Trump, D. J.

Citing an Author that is an system or company

If your source is written by an organisation or company:

Some sources are written and released by companies, non necessarily individual people. For example, nigh brochures at museums merely display the establishment'southward name. Advertisements too but show the company's proper noun. If the source you're attempting to cite only shows a group or organization'due south name, identify it in the reference in the place you'd usually include an private person's proper noun.

Write out the name of the group in full; practise not use abbreviations. For example, it may seem okay to use USDA, merely APA writing way prefers you lot write out United States Department of Agriculture.

If you're looking for information on how to fashion your own proper name in APA headings, detect the case newspaper on EasyBib.com.

Formatting Titles & Dates

Formatting the date of publication

The appointment the source was published is the next item shown in a reference. It'southward directly later on the writer's name.

For the majority of sources, include simply the year in parentheses.

If yous're citing an article in a magazine, include the twelvemonth and the month.

APA Case:

Peterzell, J. (1990, April). Better belatedly than never. Time, 135(17), 20–21.

Check out the examples towards the bottom of the page, or head to sections ix.13-nine.17 of the Publication manual to see how dates are displayed.

Title rules and capitalization

Titles are the next piece of information shown in a reference. Titles are frequently tricky for people to style. Students often wonder, "Should I blazon out the title as it'south shown on the source?" "Should the title be written in italics or underlined?" Here are the answers to (hopefully) all of your title-related questions:

Which letters are capitalized?

Virtually titles are written with a majuscule in these places:

  • At the beginning of the title
  • At the first of a proper substantive
  • At the beginning of the subtitle

Information technology may be tempting to write the title as y'all see it shown on the source, or with capital letters at the first of every important word, but that's not how APA referencing does it.

Here are a few examples of proper lettering:

  • A star is born
  • Spider-Man: Into the spiderverse
  • Harry Potter and the deathly hallows

The only source types that are written with a capital letter at the showtime of every important discussion are periodicals. Some examples include the titles of newspapers, journals, and magazines.

Examples:

  • The New York Times
  • Schoolhouse Library Journal,
  • Us Weekly

How should I style the title?

  • Anything that stands lonely is written in italics. When we say "stands alone," we mean it isn't role of a larger drove. Most books are a single source, so they're written in italics. Other examples include movies, brochures, dissertations, and music albums.
  • Sources that are part of a collection are written without italics. Website pages, journal articles, chapters in books, and private songs (from an anthology) are written without italics.
  • Remember, the styling data above is for the APA reference page only! Citations in the text of the paper are styled differently. If you need to see a full APA sample paper, check out the other resources on EasyBib.com!

Check out some of the examples beneath to come across how the titles are typed out and styled. You can too head to section 9.xviii-9.22 of the Publication Manual for more details

If information technology'southward not the actual title, merely an APA title page for your paper that you lot need help with, bank check out the Title Page APA creator on the homepage of EasyBib.com! Or, check out the primary guide for this style, which includes an APA comprehend folio template.

Boosted information about a source

It can exist difficult to understand a source type just by looking at an APA fashion citation. Sometimes it isn't clear if you're looking at a citation for a presentation, a blog postal service, lecture notes, or a completely dissimilar source type.

To articulate upward any defoliation for your reader, you can include additional data straight afterward the title. This additional information about the source type is written in brackets with the beginning discussion having a capital.

APA Instance:

Wilson, T. V. & Frey, H. (2019, May 13). Godzilla: The start of his story [Sound podcast]. iHeart Radio. https://world wide web.missedinhistory.com/podcasts/godzilla-the-outset-of-his-story.htm

Thanks to the data in the brackets, the reader can hands see that the source is an sound podcast.

Cheque out the various examples towards the bottom of this folio.

Publication information

Publication information includes the name of the publisher. In near cases, the publication information is only included for print sources. Check out the volume reference below to see the publication information in action.

Citing Books in APA

You'll find plenty of source types below. If you lot don't see what you're looking for, try out our APA reference generator on EasyBib.com! Or, here's a neat informative site we like. If y'all'd like to run across a total APA sample paper, accept a glance at the master commendation guide for this manner on EasyBib.com.

Citing books in print in APA

APA Structure:

Author'south Last name, F. Chiliad. (Year published). Title of the volume. Publisher.

APA Example:

Gaiman, N. (1996). Neverwhere. HarperCollins.

Looking for more examples? Check out our APA book commendation page.

Citing a chapter in a impress book in APA

A reference page APA citation for a chapter in a print book is styled the same way as the entire book. It is not necessary to showcase or display the individual chapter. Still, in the text of the paper, the affiliate is shown similar this: (Author'due south Terminal name, Year, Chapter #).

Citing a chapter in an edited book in print in APA

An edited book is one that was compiled by an author. Each individual chapter, or section, is written by someone else. Since you're probably citing the specific chapter, rather than the whole unabridged book, identify the name of the chapter'due south author in the first position.

APA Construction:

Chapter Author'due south Last Name, F. 1000. (Year published). Chapter title. In F. M. Editor's Last Proper name (Ed.), Title of book (Xrd ed., pp. 10-10). Publisher.

APA Example:

Alexander, G. R. (2015). Multicultural pedagogy in nursing. In D. M. Billings, & J. A. Halstead (Eds.), Teaching in nursing: A guide for faculty (5th ed., pp. 263-281). Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=YxzmCgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=edited+book&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwja47-0kL_iAhUV7XMBHXzQBxAQ6AEIODAD#five=onepage&q&f=faux

Citing an e-volume in APA

To cite an eBook, cite information technology the same fashion every bit you would a print book.

APA Structure:

Author's Concluding name, F. 1000. (Year published). Championship of book. Publisher. URL

APA Example:

Alcott, L. M. (1905). Under the lilacs. Little, Brown, and Visitor. https://annal.org/stream/underlilacs00alco2?ref=ol#folio/n9/mode/2up

If y'all're using the EasyBib APA citation generator to cite your e-books, click on the "book" source type.

APA Example:

Gaiman, N. (2009). Coraline. HarperCollins. https://amzn.to/3cQqXAL

If y'all're using EasyBib.com's APA citation generator to cite your e-books, click on the "book" source blazon.

Wondering what to practise if you're using a book that was reprinted? Check out the example of Einstein'south book, found towards the top of this guide.

Citing The Bible in APA

Since the bible is considered a "classical work," and widely known, it is not necessary to create a total reference. Only include a citation in the text of the paper.

Two items demand to be included:

  1. The title and version of the source, such as the New Living Bible
  2. The names, verses, chapters, or whatever numbers associated with the section y'all're referring to.

APA Example:

"And so the male monarch asked her, "What do you want, Esther? What is your asking? I will give it to you, even if information technology's half the kingdom" (Esther v:5 New Living Translation).

Citing Journals and Manufactures in APA

Citing journal articles constitute in print in APA

APA Structure:

Author's Last name, F. Yard. (Year published). Title of journal article. Title of Journal, Volume(Result), folio range.

APA Instance:

Reeve, A. H., Fjeldsa, J., & Borregaard, M. K. (2018). Ecologically flexible endemics dominate Indo-Pacific bird communities. Journal of Biogeography, 45(8), 1980-1982.

Your APA style paper is easy to piece together with the tools and services on EasyBib.com. Try out our APA citation auto, which structures your references in only a few clicks. If y'all're looking for the perfect APA comprehend page, give our APA title folio maker a whirl.

Citing journal articles found online in APA

APA Structure:

Author's Last name, F. Yard. (Year published). Championship of journal article. Title of Journal, Book(Issue), folio range. //dx.doi.org/10xxxxxxx

APA Example:

Reeve, A. H., Fjeldsa, J., & Borregaard, M. K. (2018). Ecologically flexible endemics dominate Indo-Pacific bird communities. Periodical of Biogeography, 45(8), 1980-1982. //dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13384

For more than on journals, have a peek at our APA journal folio. Or, make your citations in just a few clicks with our APA citation generator.

Citing newspaper articles in print in APA

APA Structure:

Writer's Last name, F. Yard. (Year, Month Twenty-four hours of Publication). Article's title. Championship of Newspaper, pp. xx-twenty.

APA Example:

Boutilier, A. (2019, May 29). Facebook won't pull fake content for election: Official says it'due south not visitor's function to describe line as MPs nail Zuckerberg for non testifying. Toronto Star, p. 1.

Citing newspaper articles found on the Net in APA

APA Construction:

Author'south Last name, F. M. (Yr, Month Day of Publication). Article's title. Title of Newspaper. URL

APA Example:

Boutilier, A. (2019, May 28). Facebook refuses to remove false content during Canadian ballot. The Star. https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2019/05/28/facebook-wont-remove-doctored-content-during-canadian-election.html

Kale, S. (2020, March 9). How to keep your easily clean – without getting dry out skin. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/guild/shortcuts/2020/mar/09/how-to-keep-your- hands-clean-without-getting-dry-skin

Citing magazines read in print in APA

APA Structure:

Author's Concluding proper noun, F. M. (Year, Calendar month or Flavour). Title of article. Title of Magazine, Volume(Issue), page range.

APA Case:

Freedman, A. (2019, June). How to cull a gaming laptop: You lot can play your game and take it with y'all. TechLife Australia, 90, 78-81.

Citing mag articles read over the internet in APA

APA Structure:

Author's Last Proper name, F. Thousand. (Year, Month). Title of magazine commodity. Title of Magazine, Volume(Issue), folio range. URL

APA Example:

Brutal, P. (2019, May). Double dragon: Yakuza Kiwami 2 is a return to grade for the singular offense series. PC Gamer, 319, fourscore. https://www-pressreader-com.i.ezproxy.nypl.org/u.s.a./pc-gamer-usa/20190521

Citing a Source on the Cyberspace in APA

Citing digital sources in this style is much easier than other styles. If y'all're wondering why, it'south because a lot of information isn't included in the reference.

For well-nigh digital sources, only five items are normally needed:

  • The name of the writer
  • The date the source was published
  • The title of the source
  • The medium (weblog post, audio file, pdf, etc.)
  • The website address

Here'south some more than information related to web content:

  1. Merely include the medium if it'southward unique or if information technology volition help the reader understand the source type.
  2. Include the website address at the cease of the commendation.
  3. Practice not identify a period at the end of the website accost.

Have a digital source? Need to cite APA? Check out some of the examples below.

Citing a blog in APA

APA Structure:

Writer's Concluding name, F. M. (Year, Month Day of posting). Championship of post. Blog or Website proper noun. URL

APA Example:

Chockrek, Eastward. (2019, May 29). seven summer activities that assistance boost your higher applications.EasyBib. https://www.easybib.com/guides/7-summer-activities-that-help-boost-your-higher-applications/

See some other example on our APA citation website folio.

Citing social media in APA

Here'south the APA template for virtually social media platforms:

APA Structure:

Terminal proper noun, F. Grand. [Username]. (Yr, Month Day of posting). Content of the postal service up to the kickoff 20 words [Describe any attachment] [Tweet OR Facebook page OR Instagram photo OR Instagram post]. Site Proper noun. URL

Example:

Lem, Due east. [@lemesther]. (2019, October ii). Spotted @Chegg promo celebration. Ladies who…"leopard." Cheers to all the upcoming promos. #marketing #UEx. [Image attached [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/lemesther/condition/1179549293289627650

If the name of the private is unknown or unlisted on the profile (such as Lady Gaga), identify the username first, without brackets

APA Example:

Ladygaga. (2019, May 20). I'1000 and then proud of @momgerm for being asked to serve every bit Goodwill Ambassador for @WHO. The goal of @btwfoundation is [Prototype attached] [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/ladygaga/status/1130578727539052544

If there are emojis, effort to recreate them or depict them in brackets.

APA Example:

Hawaii Volcanoes NPS [@Volcanoes_NPS]. (2020, February 26). Half the park is after dark! [flashlight emoji] In addition to dark night skies, evening in the park provides a great chance. [Prototype fastened] [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/Volcanoes_NPS/status/1232776372801589248

For more than nearly citing social media, head to section x.15 of the Publication manual.

Citing online encyclopedias & dictionaries – Grouping writer

If you conducted or watched a personal interview and the transcript or audio is non bachelor for the reader, then at that place really isn't any point to create a total reference. These types of sources are not recoverable and the reader would be unable to notice the interview on their own. Instead, only create a commendation in the text of the paper. Use the first initial, middle initial, and last name of the person being interviewed, forth with "personal communication," and the date of the interview.

APA Structure:

Institution or organization proper name. (n.d.). Entry title. In Title of Website or reference. Retrieved Calendar month 24-hour interval, Year, from URL

APA Example:

Merriam-Webster. (due north.d.). Doleful. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved March 1, 2020, from https://world wide web.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/doleful

Citing online encyclopedias & dictionaries – Known writer

If there is a known author, cite the source this way:

APA Structure:

Terminal proper name, F. M. (Date published). Entry championship. In F. M. Last name (ed.), In Title of Website or reference. Retrieved Month Twenty-four hours, Year, from URL

APA Example:

Mann, Thousand. Eastward. & Selin, H. (n.d.). Global warming. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved March 1, 2020, from https://www.britannica.com/science/global-warming

Citing Wikipedia

Cite a Wikipedia page but similar a normal webpage, only use an archived version. Become to the "View history" tab at the meridian of a Wikipedia page to find these archived versions, their publishing engagement, and their URL.

APA Structure:

Commodity title. (Yr, Month Day). In Wikipedia. URL

APA Example:

Kinetic energy (2019, December 27). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kinetic_energy&oldid=932724138

If you want to learn how to cite websites in MLA, click on the link.

An APA generator is bachelor to you on EasyBib.com Take the stress out of edifice the references for your APA style paper and try it out!

While you're at it, it may exist helpful to take a glance at our APA newspaper template. Information technology tin be constitute on the EasyBib Writing Middle folio. You lot tin utilize the APA newspaper example to help construction your ain APA championship folio and paper.

Citing a song or music listened to online in APA

Modern songs (due east.grand., that vocal you heard on the radio this morning time) should list the proper noun of the recording artist'southward name. Classical music lists the song'due south composer (e.g., think Mozart, Beethoven, etc.).

Note: include a URL in the reference if that location is the only ways of retrieval (similar if they only post their music to SoundCloud or on their own specific website). If the song is available beyond multiple platforms, no URL is needed.

APA Structure for a modern song:

Artist'due south Concluding Name, F. M. (Twelvemonth published). Song's title [Song].  On Title of anthology. Publisher(s).

APA Example:

Grande, A. (2019). vii rings [Vocal]. On thank u, adjacent. Republic Records.

APA Construction for a classical song:

Artist's Last Name, F. M. (Year published). Song's title [Vocal recorded by Artist's Name]. On Title of anthology. Publisher.

APA Example:

Bach, J. S. (1997). Toccata and Fugue in D minor [Song recorded by William McVicker]. On Great organ classics. Sony Music Entertainment UK Express.

Sheet music in APA

To cite APA sheet music, cite it exactly the same as a volume. If it's found online, cite it as a website.

Citing streamed videos in APA

Employ this format if you lot're citing a video found online (such equally a YouTube video).

APA Structure:

Person who posted the video'south Final Name, F. K. [Username]. (Yr, Calendar month Day of posting or publishing). Video'southward title [Video]. URL

APA Example:

Vliegenthart, S. [booksandquills]. (2018, December 3). Books from uni we didn't detest [Video]. YouTube. https://world wide web.youtube.com/watch?five=9G52GCgpEZg

If the name of the individual isn't bachelor, start with the username, and remove the brackets.

APA Examples:

Chegg. (2018, November 15). One common grammar error to avoid [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/scout?v=5Bfx50f853g

Maroon 5. (2018, May 30). Girls like you ft. Cardi B [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/aJOTlE1K90k

If you lot're in need of an APA citation machine to do the work for yous, check out the homepage on EasyBib.com! We even take a free Title Folio APA creator on the chief page also!

Citing a film or picture in APA

APA Structure:

Director's Last Name. F. Yard. (Director). (Year published). Film's championship [Movie]. Publisher(southward) or URL

APA Example:

Gerwig, K. (Manager). (2017). Lady bird [Video]. IAC Films; Scott Rudin Productions.

Citing Additional Sources in APA

Citing a published thesis or dissertation from a database in APA

APA Structure:

Author's Last Proper noun, F. Grand. (Year created). Thesis or Dissertation's title [Master's thesis OR Doctoral dissertation, Name of Institution]. Name of database or archive.

APA Example:

Schluckebier, M. E. (2013). Dreams worth pursuing: How higher students develop and articulate their purpose in life [Doctoral dissertation, University of Iowa]. ERIC.

If you're looking for an APA citation builder to do the piece of work for you, check out EasyBib.com's APA generator!

Citing a conference newspaper in APA

APA Structure:

Author's Last name, F. M. (Year, Calendar month Days of Conference). Title of briefing paper [Type of presentation]. Conference Name, Location. URL or DOI.

APA Instance:

Fowle, M. (2018, September). The entrepreneurial dream: Happiness, depression, and freedom [Conference presentation]. European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreunership, Aviero, Portugal.

Citing an interview in APA

If y'all conducted or watched a personal interview and the transcript or audio is not bachelor for the reader, so there really isn't whatever point to create a total reference. These types of sources are non recoverable and the reader would be unable to find the interview on their own. Instead, only create a citation in the text of the newspaper. Apply the first initial, middle initial, and last name of the person being interviewed, forth with "personal communication," and the engagement of the interview.

APA Case:

Due west. I. Ikemoto (personal advice, June 2, 2019)

If the interview is recoverable, include the full reference on the last folio of the project. If the interview was found in a mag, utilize the magazine structure. If the interview was read on a blog, use the blog structure. Look for the APA headings above that match your specific source type.

Don't forget, our APA citation car structures pretty much everything for you. Find it on EasyBib.com'south homepage and give our APA citation generator a try.

Didn't find what yous needed? Still a scrap confused? Learn more here. You tin can also take the guesswork out of making your references with our handy APA citation generator, plant at the height of this page.

Putting information technology All Together

Y'all've structured your sources correctly, right? You take the periods, italics, and commas where they belong? Capital letters where they're supposed to be? Great! You lot're almost through! The last step is organizing your citations properly on the page. For easy to follow, in-depth instructions on structuring the terminal page in your projection, check out our APA reference folio. If you'd like to see a sample APA paper, check out the main guide for this style on EasyBib.com!

Before you hit submit, make sure you run your newspaper through our plagiarism checker. It checks for instances of accidental plagiarism and scans for spelling and grammatical errors. Even if you lot think yous have every verb, adverb, or interjection where it belongs, you lot may exist surprised with what our innovative technology suggests.

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Listing of APA templates

Troubleshooting

Solution #one: How to cite a photo with no creator, engagement, or title in APA

  1. Describe the photo and identify brackets around it.
  2. Add together "n.d" with parentheses effectually information technology.
  3. Listing where the reference was found without italics.
  4. Follow with the URL data of where you lot found the photo if information technology was establish online.

Example of a photo commendation with no creator, date, or championship

[Photo of two hens in a barn]. (north.d). Theoretical Prints. http://Theoretical_Prints.org/two-hypothetical-hens/

Solution #2: How to cite a lexicon entry in APA

Lexicon entry in print

  1. List the organization or the writer's name in last name, beginning name initial, and middle proper noun initial (if there is ane) with a period following.
  2. List the date in parentheses with a period post-obit.
    1. Use n.d if the date is non listed.
  3. List the proper name of the lexicon term. Capitalize the first letter and apply a flow later.
  4. Write "In" followed by the proper name of the lexicon used. The dictionary name should be italicized.
  5. In parentheses, write the book abbreviated as "Vol." followed by the book number and page number. Add a menses after it.

Examples for a printed dictionary entry citation

Hypothetical Association of Learning. (2014). Cake. In The Hypothetical Learner'south Lexicon (Vol. 2, p. 3).

Johnson, C. K. (2014). Cake. In The Hypothetical Learner'due south Dictionary (Vol. 2, p. 3).

Lexicon entry from an online source

  1. List the organization or the author's name in final proper name, first name initial, and centre proper name initial (if there is one) with a period post-obit.
  2. List the date in parathesis with a period following.
    1. Use "due north.d" if the date is not listed.
  3. List the name of the dictionary term. Capitalize the showtime alphabetic character and employ a period later.
  4. Write the name of the dictionary in italics and follow it with a period.
  5. Write "Retrieved" then the date you accessed the entry online in this format: Month Day, Year. End it with a comma.
  6. Write "from" and add the page URL.

Examples for an online lexicon entry commendation

Hypothetical Association of Learning. (2014). Cake. In The Hypothetical Learner's Dictionary. Retrieved Nov 7, 2021, from https;//dictionary.hypothetical.org/dictionary/English/cake

Johnson, C. G. (2014). Cake. In The Hypothetical Learner'southward Dictionary. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https;//dictionary.hypothetical.org/lexicon/English/cake

Solution #3: How to ensure that an auto-generated commendation in APA style is correct

  1. Ensure that the right number of people are accredited past counting the names in the source and the website citation.
  2. Ensure that all names are spelled correctly.
  3. If ii-20 authors are used, ensure that an ampersand is used earlier the last name.
  4. If more than twenty authors are used, ensure that an ellipsis is used earlier the terminal writer.
  5. Check to make certain that the date is right and that the month or yr do not need to exist adjusted.
  6. Ensure that the title is correctly capitalized and formatted.
    1. Mostly, works cited every bit a whole, such equally books, are written in italics, while shorter works that are part of a bigger work, such as a chapter in a book or articles from a periodical (due east.g., periodical, magazine, newspaper, etc.), are usually in regular font.
    2. The championship of webpages are italicized, while the title of the site they are on is in regular font.
    3. Social media postal service citations use the written post content (up to xx words) equally the title. This "title" should be italicized.
  7. If using a chapter, make sure that the editor is accredited.
  8. If using an article, make sure that the journal number is italicized and that the volume number is in parentheses.
  9. Make sure that your links are active and that they bring yous to the correct location. You may need to rewrite the link.

Published August 2, 2019. Updated March x, 2020.

Written and edited past Michele Kirschenbaum and Elise Barbeau. Michele Kirschenbaum is a dedicated school library media specialist and one of the in-house EasyBib librarians. Elise Barbeau is the Commendation Specialist at Chegg. She has worked in digital marketing, libraries, and publishing.

APA Formatting Guide

How exercise I use the EasyBib APA citation generator?

Go to www.easybib.com and follow the directions to create a citation. Later on y'all create a citation or commendation list, you lot can cull APA as your citation mode (default is MLA). APA is a premium mode, so you will need a subscription or trial to EasyBib Plus in society to create citations in APA. Upgrade your account at https://www.easybib.com/upgrade.